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    Illegal Arrest under BNSS, 2023: Constitutional Limits, Written Grounds of Arrest, and the Continuing Relevance of Habeas Corpus Anil Kumar Mishra v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Others Neutral Citation: 2026:MPHC-GWL:442 Decision Date: 07 January 2026 Court: High Court of Madhya Pradesh, Bench at Gwalior Coram: Justice Gurpal Singh Ahluwalia & Justice Ashish Shroti I. Introduction: Arrest Power in the Post-BNSS Criminal Justice System The enactment of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) represents a structural transformation of India’s criminal procedure. However, statutory transition does not imply constitutional dilution. The judgment of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Anil Kumar Mishra v. State of Madhya Pradesh stands as a firm reminder that arrest remains a constitutionally regulated power , bounded by the guarantees of Articles 21 and 22(1) . This decision assumes particular importance as one of the earliest High Court rulings to comprehe...

By Abhishek Jat, Advocate Introduction Bail is a vital component of the Indian criminal justice system, serving as a bridge between the presumption of innocence and the necessity of ensuring the accused’s presence at trial. The concept of bail is rooted in the fundamental right to liberty, as enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The process of seeking bail, however, is governed by statutory provisions, judicial discretion, and practical considerations that collectively ensure a balance between individual rights and societal interests. Legal Framework: Statutory Provisions Governing Bail The law relating to bail in India has undergone significant evolution, with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), now serving as the principal statute. The BNSS replaced corresponding sections of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), and introduced certain refinements to the bail regime. The relevant sections under the BNSS are as follows: Section 479: Governs the ...

  Judicial Shield: Kerala High Court's Landmark Defense of Advocate-Client Privilege Against Investigative Overreach By Abhishek Jat,Advocate In a precedent-setting ruling that resonates throughout India's legal landscape, the Kerala High Court has delivered a comprehensive judgment safeguarding the constitutional and statutory protections afforded to advocates. The March 27, 2025 decision in W.P.(Crl.) No. 363 OF 2025 addresses a troubling instance where investigative authorities attempted to penetrate the sacred domain of advocate-client communications, raising profound questions about the boundaries of police powers and the independence of the legal profession. The Unprecedented Summons: Factual Matrix The controversy originated when the petitioner, a practicing advocate with over two decades of experience, found himself served with a notice under Section 35(3) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023. The notice demanded his appearance before police auth...

  भारतीय दंड न्याय प्रणाली में BNSS 2023 के महत्वपूर्ण सुधार: एक विस्तृत विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन लेखक: अभिषेक जाट, अधिवक्ता प्रस्तावना भारतीय दंड न्याय प्रणाली में आमूलचूल परिवर्तन लाने के उद्देश्य से भारतीय नागरिक सुरक्षा संहिता (BNSS) 2023 में  महत्वपूर्ण सुधार किए गए हैं। ये सुधार पुरानी दंड प्रक्रिया संहिता (CrPC) की कमियों को दूर करने और न्याय प्रणाली को आधुनिक, कुशल तथा पारदर्शी बनाने के लिए किए गए हैं। प्रस्तुत लेख में इन सुधारों का विस्तृत विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत किया गया है। समयबद्ध विचारण (टाइम-बाउंड ट्रायल्स) धारा 258 और 346 : BNSS में पहली बार गंभीर अपराधों के लिए निश्चित समय-सीमा निर्धारित की गई है। जघन्य अपराधों (हाइनस ऑफेंसेज) के मामलों का निपटारा अब अधिकतम दो वर्षों के भीतर करना अनिवार्य किया गया है। इस प्रावधान का उद्देश्य न्यायिक प्रक्रिया में अनावश्यक विलंब को कम करना है, जिससे न्याय की त्वरित प्राप्ति सुनिश्चित हो सके। यह सुधार सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा हुसैनारा खातून बनाम बिहार राज्य (1979) मामले में दिए गए निर्णय के अनुरूप है, जिसमें न्यायालय ने कहा था कि "श...